Timeline of Manchurian history

37BC-448CE The Koguryo kingdom straddled what is now North Korea and part of South Korea and the northeastern Chinese region of Manchuria. It spread Buddhism throughout the region. (AP, 2/1/04) 37BC-668CE   The Koguryo kingdom (Gaogouli in Chinese) flourished during this time. At its height the territory stretched from central Manchuria to south of Seoul, Korea. It was later taught to be one of Korea’s three founding kingdoms. (Econ, 3/31/07, SR p.8)

49       The Puyo tribe, living along the Sungari River in Manchuria, had their chief recognized as a wang (king) by the Chinese. Koguryo developed into a state during the long reign of Taejo that began four years later. (www.san.beck.org/3-10-Koreato1875.html)

244       The Chinese state of Wei sent a force of 20,000 and took the Koguryo capital while the Puyo made an alliance by supplying the Chinese troops. (www.san.beck.org/3-10-Koreato1875.html)

1900       Nov 9, Russia completed its occupation of Manchuria. (HN, 11/9/98)

1900       Greeks from the island of Kefalonia began to migrate to Manchuria after 1900 and flourished in the liquor and property business. Their world collapsed in 12949 when the Communists took power. (Econ, 8/23/08, p.52)

1904       Feb 4, Russia offered Korea to Japan and defended its right to occupy Manchuria. (HN, 2/4/99)

1904       Feb 6, Japan's foreign minister severed all ties with Russia, citing delaying tactics in negotiations over Manchuria. (HN, 2/6/99)

1905       Jan 27, Russian General Kuropatkin took the offensive in Manchuria. The Japanese under General Oyama suffered heavy casualties. (HN, 1/27/99)

1905       Feb 27, Japanese pushed Russians back in Manchuria, and cross the Sha River. (HN, 2/27/98)

1905       Mar 5, Russians began to retreat from Mukden in Manchuria. (HN, 3/5/98)

1907       Mar 22, Russians troops completed the evacuation of Manchuria in the face of advancing Japanese forces. (HN, 3/22/97)(AP, Internet, 3/22/99)

1909       Oct 26, Hirobumi Ito (b.1841), Japan’s resident general in Seoul, was gunned down in Harbin in Russian-controlled Manchuria by Korean nationalist Chang Ahn Gun (aka Ahn Jung-geun). (http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/INV_JED/ITO_HIROBUMI_PRINCE_1841_1909_.html)(Econ, 11/23/13, p.48)

1909       In the Kando convention Japan gave China a chunk of Korean Manchuria in return for concessions. (Econ, 3/31/07, SR p.8)

1910       Jan 21, Japan rejected the American proposal to neutralize ownership of the Manchurian Railway. (HN, 1/21/99)

1928       Jun 3, Manchurian warlord Chian Tso-Lin died as a result of a bomb blast set off by the Japanese, who were planning to invade and claim Manchuria. (HN, 6/3/98)

1928       The Japanese army unilaterally instigated armed clashes in China's Manchuria region to justify full-scale intervention. (HN, 2/18/98)

1929       Sep 21, Fighting between China and the Soviet Union broke out along the Manchurian border. (HN, 9/21/98)

1929       Nov 18, Stalin sent troops to Manchuria. (MC, 11/18/01)

1929       Dec 22, Soviet troops left Manchuria after a truce was reached with the Chinese over the Eastern Railway dispute. (HN, 12/22/98)

1931       Sep 18-1931 Sep 19, The Mukden Incident was initiated by the Japanese Kwangtung Army in Mukden. It involved an explosion along the Japanese-controlled South Manchurian Railway. It was soon followed by the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the eventual establishment of the Japanese-dominated state of Manchukuo. The neutrality of the area, and the ability of Japan to defend its colony in Korea, was threatened in the 1920s by efforts at unification of China. Within three months Japanese troops had spread out throughout Manchuria. The occupation ended at the conclusion of the Second World War in 1945. (HNQ, 11/27/98)

1931       Sep 19, Japan invaded Manchuria and established a puppet state called Manchukuo, which lasted until the end of WWII. Nobosuke Kishi, later PM of Japan, oversaw the development of Japanese-occupied Manchuria in the 1930s. (SSFC, 9/23/12, p.A4)(Econ, 5/18/13, p.26)

1931       Nov 20, Japan and China rejected the League of Council terms for Manchuria at Geneva. (HN, 11/20/98)

1931       Ten years of comparative peace ended when Japan attacked and seized  Manchuria to ensure a supply of natural resources. The Japanese army invaded Manchuria without its own government's consent. (TMC, 1994, p.1931)(SFC, 7/18/96, p.E6)(Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 216)(SFC, 12/2/97, p.A22)(HN, 2/18/98)

1932       Jan 2, Japanese forces in Manchuria set up a puppet government known as Manchukuo. (HN, 1/2/99)

1932       Feb 18, Manchurian independence was formally declared. (HN, 2/18/98)

1932       Mar 9, Former Chinese emperor Henry Pu-Yi was installed as head of Manchuria. (MC, 3/9/02)

1932-1945   In 1994 Sheldon Harris (d.2002) authored “Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Cover-Up." It was about Japanese medical units in Manchuria that engaged in horrific warfare experiments on humans.    (SFEC, 12/1/96, p.C4)(SFC, 9/9/02, p.A22)

1933       Feb 24, League of Nations told the Japanese to pull out of Manchuria. (MC, 2/24/02)

1934       Mar 1, Henry Pu Yi was crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria. (SC, 3/1/02)

1935       Jan 31, The Soviet premier told Japan to get out of Manchuria. (HN, 1/31/99)

1935       Sep 1, Seiji Ozawa, conductor (Boston Symphony Orchestra), was born in Hoten, Manchuria (now Shenyang, Liaoning, China). http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Ozawa-Seiji.htm (MC, 9/1/02)

1939       May, In Manchuria a Japanese punitive attack failed and combined Soviet and Mongolian forces wiped out a 200-man Japanese unit. This marked the beginning of the conflict called the Nomonhan Incident by Japanese, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol by Russians. Gen. Georgy Zhukov destroyed the Kwantung Army. (http://tinyurl.com/ml2j3oh)(Econ, 11/7/15, p.79)

1939       Aug, The Soviet Union and Japan fought a massive tank battle at Khalkhin-Gol on the Mongolian border. It was the largest armored battle in the world until that point. By the end of the month the Soviets claimed victory over the Japanese army at the Khalkhyn Gol river. This helped fend off a possible Japanese invasion of Russia with Nazi Germany in 1941. (http://tinyurl.com/mx9xowj)

1939       Sep 15, The Soviet Union and Japan agreed to a cease-fire in Manchuria (later Mongolia), which took effect the following day. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol)

1942       Sep, More than 400 villagers died of bubonic plague in China’s eastern Zhejiang province after Japanese warplanes of medical Unit 731 dropped germ bombs. Unit 731 was stationed on the outskirts of Harbin, China, until the Soviet Union entered the war. The unit deposited typhus into the water supply flowing into Manchuria. (SFEC, 12/8/96, p.C8)(SFC, 8/30/97, p.A12)(SFC, 8/15/98, p.A12)

1945       Aug 16, Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright, who was taken prisoner by the Japanese on Corregidor on May 6, 1942, was released from a POW camp in Manchuria by U.S. troops. (HN, 8/16/98)

1945       Aug, In Manchuria some 1 million Japanese civilians were stranded as the war ended. An estimated 179,000 are thought to have died trying to get back to Japan. (Econ, 8/15/15, p.37)

1948       May 23, China’s People's Liberation Army began to encircle the Nationalist defenders in Changchun, while cutting off air transportation. The siege lasted for 150 days and ended when the People's Liberation Army under Gen. Lin Biao entered Changchun after the Nationalist 60th Army and New 7th Army surrendered. Some 160,000 civilians died, mainly of hunger, trapped in a killing zone outside the city walls. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Changchun)(Econ, 9/7/13, p.80)

1948     Nov 1, During the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) Mao's Red army conquered Mukden, Manchuria. (DoW, 1999, p.113)

1949       The Russians, having liberated Manchuria from the Japanese, handed the key industrial base over to the Chinese communists. (Econ, 5/28/05, p.83)

1951       Aug 6, Typhoon floods killed 4,800 in Manchuria.